The Twelve Stances of Yi-Jin-Jing (The Tendon-Altering Sutra) Part 1

Yi-Jin-Jing (Tendon-Altering Sutra), or 易筋经 in Chinese, is a famous Kung Fu from the Shaolin Temple School of Martial Arts. It is probably one of the most famous ancient Kung Fu manuscripts thanks to Mr. Jin Yong (Louis Cha), who used the  Kung Fu manuscript in the story plots in two of his well-received Wuxia (Martial Heroes) novels: Smiling Proud Wanderer, and Demi-Gods and Semi Devils. It is considered one of the two top Kung Fu skills of Shaolin alongside the Xi-Sui-Jing (Marrow-Cleansing Sutra).

Both the Tendon-Altering Sutra and the Marrow-Cleansing Sutra were said to be granted to the Shaolin Temple by Bodhidharma (达摩), the monk from ancient India and the founder of the Zen school of Buddhism in China. The two manuscripts supposedly contained breathing and meditation techniques that can turn a normal person into a top-notch Grandmaster of martial arts.

Of course Mr. Jin Yong had greatly exaggerated the power of the Tendon-Altering Sutra in his storytelling, but the manuscript was not a mere fabrication of the author and really existed. You can actually download the manuscript from the Internet. Following the exercises described in the manuscript can certainly improve one's well-being. The only problem is that the manuscript is in Chinese. So a fan of my SPW translation asked me if I could translate the manuscript into English. I thought it would be fun for all my readers to get a real sense of what the Tendon-Altering Sutra is all about, so here you go!

Note that there are many different variations  of the Tendon-Altering Sutra, each slightly different from one another. I just picked one of them to translate, and the videos might show slightly different movements. I picked this set of video because the guy in the video actually explains everything in English. Besides, he is just a funny guy! Enjoy!

易筋经十二式

The Twelve-Stances of Yi-Jin-Jing (aka Tendon-Altering Sutra)

预备式

预备式身体正直站立，脚尖外撇，两脚与肩同宽。 周身放松，澄心敛神。 两臂自然下垂，紧贴两大腿外侧，下颔微收，两眼半睁半闭。 做三次深呼吸。

Preparation Stance

Stand upright, slightly point toes outward, and keep feet shoulder width. Relax your entire body, clear your heart, and keep your mind focused. Let arms hang naturally and keep them close to the outside of your thighs. Tighten your chin slightly. Keep your eyes half closed half open. Take three deep breaths.

 

第一式韦驮献杵

身体正直，两脚跟靠拢，两脚尖外撇，成小八字形。 两臂向前缓缓举起，手心相对，与肩同宽。 举至肩平屈肘成90度角，立掌，同时吸气。 而后缓慢合掌于胸前，同时呼气臆想四肢之气调入胸中，定式后静停一分钟。

1^st Stance: Skanda[1] Presenting the Vajra Pestle

Stand in an upright position, keep two heels close, and slightly point toes outward like the Chinese character eight. Keep arms shoulder width, slowly raise arms forward, palms facing each other. Raise arms until they are at shoulder height, fold forearms inward so each elbow is at a 90-degree angle. Bent palms backwards while breathing in. Then slowly put palms together in a prayer position in front of your chest. Breathe out at the same time and imagine that you are directing inner energy flows from your limbs into your chest. Hold the position for one minute.

第二式横担降魔杵

接上式，身体不动，两臂缓缓下落，并逐渐分手。 两手落到丹田时稍停片刻，再下落时分向两侧，经大腿外侧向上成俯掌侧平举，两脚跟提起。 手臂下落时要意沉丹田，平举时气随手行入掌心。 呼吸自然，心平气和。 定式后静停一分钟。

2^nd Stance: Shoulders Carrying the Demon-Subduing Vajra Pestle

Continue from the last stance, slowly lower two arms without moving the body and gradually move arms outward. Stop briefly when your two hands reach the Dan-Tian (lower abdomen) region. Then lower your hands while moving them outward and let your hands move past the outer side of your thighs before bringing your arms upwards on the sides with palms facing down. Raise your arms until they are even with shoulder height. Raise your heels to stand on your toes. When lowering your arms, you must submerge you mind into the Dan-Tian region. When raising your arms on the side, direct the energy flow from each arm into the center of your palm. Breathe naturally and maintain a peaceful and calm mind. Hold the position for one minute.

---

[1] Skanda is a Bodhisattva in Buddhism scriptures.

The video below shows you how the above-translated stances are executed, demonstrated by Mr. Bruce Wen, a Shaolin monk (I couldn't verify that). It's one of the many videos on the Internet demonstrating the stances of the Tendon-Altering Sutra. It's actually slightly different from the version I translated, but this is the only one with detailed explanations in English.

Watch out for the remaining stances translated in my future blog posts.


The Twelve Stances of Yi-Jin-Jing (The Tendon-Altering Sutra) Part 2


Video of the Day:

I Googled Mr. Bruce Wen and found this very interesting video below, in which he demonstrated how to get rid of your useless yellow page phone book and spare metal bars. (Disclaim: Don't try this at home or anywhere else!) Enjoy!

Kung Fu Tetris with Kinect and FAAST -- How To Tutorial

[Ignore the date stamp. I just have a lot of blogging to make up for...]

I love Kung Fu; I am very passionate about Artificial Intelligence; and I like playing the game of tetris. What happens if I put all three things together?

Here, I proudly present to you: Kung Fu Tetris!

If you can't view the video above, try this or this or this or download video here.

So what do you think? If you think this is fun and want to do it in your home, read on. It's probably much simpler than you expected. In this blog post I will explain to you step-by-step how you can set this up yourself. Everything is pretty much off-the-shelf, except a small configuration file, which you can download from my blog.

Required Components:

1. The first thing you need is a Microsoft Kinect. Microsoft developed this depth-sensing device for Xbox game console. Thanks to the open source community for writing the drivers, now you can connect it directly to your computer and there's no need for an Xbox. You can buy Kinect from local electronics stores or order it from Amazon for $139. And if you are a student like me, you can get it shipped to you in two days for free.
    
2. You also need to have a computer to connect Kinect too. It can be your desktop computer or your laptop computer, as long as it has a USB port. I used an Acer Aspire One netbook, which I bought for $179. Even with a netbook's slow processor and limited memory, Kinect runs just fine.
    
3. It also helps if you have a large TV/monitor, so you can see the game better while not standing next to the monitor. Most large screen LCD TVs let's you connect your computer to it like it's an external monitor. I used a VGA to VGA cable (just like connecting to a regular LCD monitor) and set the LCD to RGB mode. Your miles may vary.
    
4. Next thing you need is a bit of space in front of the TV/monitor. Because the game of Kung Fu Tetris requires the tracking of your full body, you have to stay a good distance away from Kinect so it can cover your entire body. Besides, I am sure you don't want to accidentally smash your nice TV with your fierce kicks. So a living room is a better environment than your study.
    
5. You also need the tetris game to run on your computer. I just use free online flash version of the tetris game.
    
6. In order to use Kinect with your computer, you need to install the Kinect driver and the following three Open Source Applications: OpenNI, NITE, and FAAST.
    
7. Lastly, you need to create a small configuration file for the keyboard command and body gesture mapping. You can just download my version.
    

Step-By-Step Instructions:

1. Buy Kinect if you don't already have it. Amazon sells it for $130. No need to buy Xbox.
2. Connect your computer to a big monitor or TV.
3. Download and install the Kinect driver. Extract the msi file from the zip file and then double click the msi file to start the installation.
4. Download and install the latest version of OpenNI (NI stands for Natural Interaction). You can find the latest versions on this page. Unstable versions are just fine. The current latest 32-bit version v1.1.0.41 can be downloaded from this direct link. It's an msi file, so you can double click the file to install. Note that if you are running Windows 7, then you need the 64-bit version.
5. Download and install the latest version of PrimeSense NITE. You can find the latest versions on this page. Unstable versions are just fine. The current latest 32-bit version v1.3.1.5 can be downloaded from this direct link. Again, just double click the msi file to install. During NITE installation, use this free license key: 0KOIk2JeIBYClPWVnMoRKn5cdY4= when prompted.

6. Download and install the latest version of FAAST (Flexible Action and Articulated Skeleton Toolkit). You can find the latest version on this page. The current latest version 0.08 can be downloaded from this direct link. It's a zip file. All you have to do is to extract the zip file to a location on your local hard drive. Later, you just need to run the FAAST.exe file inside the folder. No other installation required.
7. Now plug the Kinect adapter into a power outlet.
8. Connect Kinect to your computer by plugging it into the USB port. You will be prompted to install three devices: Kinect Camera, Kinect Audio, and Kinect Motor. Since you have already installed the drivers, the system should automatically find the driver files for the installation. However if it fails to find the drivers, you can point to folder c:\Program Files\PrimeSense\SensorKinect\Driver\x86 (use \amd64 for 64-bit systems).
9. Sometimes the driver might not install Kinect Motor or Kinect Audio correctly. You can try the CL NUI Platform driver instead. The latest version can be found on this page. The current latest version v1.0.1210 can be downloaded from this direct link. The file is an exe file so you just have to double click to install. Drivers are installed to this folder c:\Program Files\Code Laboratories\CL NUI Platform\Driver.
10. Test if Kinect is working correctly by running the NiViewer program inside All Programs - OpenNI - Samples - NiViewer.
11. Open FAAST by running the FAAST.exe file. Click the Connect button to start the device. You should now see human shapes on screen.
12. Stand in front of the Kinect device and then hold a ‘Psi’ pose for several seconds until a stick figure appears, as shown in the image on the right.
13. Open a browser window and position it so it is side-by-side next to the FAAST application. Load the tetris game by going here (or here). I linked the flash file directly so you don't have to deal with the annoying flash ads on those web sites.
14. Right-click and then select save to download my configuration file from http://www.lannyland.com/download/KungFuTetris.cfg, and save it to a location you remember (such as your desktop).
14. In FAAST application, click Load button and then browse to where you saved the configuration file and load that file.
15. Click Start Emulator button, then select your tetris game so your browser is the active window. You might have to recalibrate by doing that ‘Psi’ pose again.
16. Start the tetris game and then start kicking. See if you can move the pieces. Remember the controls are: 1) front kicks rotate the pieces 2) side kicks move the pieces left or right 3) jump does fast drop.

Be aware:

1. Do your warm up routines before playing this game. I AM SERIOUS! Otherwise you risk injuring yourself.
2. Don't stand too close to anybody/thing, because you might kick that body/thing and cause damage to him/her/it.
3. Kick with good speed and good form, otherwise weird things might happen.
4. Jump sometimes doesn't work too well. Just jump more. It's good for your heart.

That's it! Leave some comments if you find this helpful. Hope you get it working and start kicking! Enjoy!!


Disclaimer: I will not be held responsible if you
1) smash your TV/monitor with your fierce kicks,
2) injure yourself because of excessive or improper kicking,
3) become so addicted that you stop doing your share of the housework and irritate your better half, or
4) develop a habitual involuntary kicking syndrome and find yourself always throwing kicks at people near you.

By the way, the Chinese character on the back of my t-shirt is Tao, as in Taoism, meaning the way of life. So here's the Tao of the day:







Workout should be fun and enjoyable instead of torturous.
And playing tetris can be productive too!






Videos of the Day:

I thought these two videos are very appropriate for today's Videos of the Day! You really have to finish watching the first video to really appreciate the humor in the second one.

The original Wii Fit Ad

The Wii Fit Parody

Lanny's New Year Resolutions

At the beginning of the year of the rabbit, I wish you all a very productive and happy Chinese New Year!! 春节快乐！

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I'll be visiting Lausanne, Switzerland to attend a conference for about a week in early March, 2011. Anyone reading my blog from Lausanne Switzerland? Anyone knows a cheap hotel near EPFL? If so, please kindly leave me a comment or shoot me an email! Thanks!

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It's that time of the year again, time to make plans and resolutions.Although I know every single year should be just as valuable as the others, somehow I know this year is going to have particular importance in my entire life. So here below are the things I'd really like to accomplish in the next three hundred plus days:

1. Post two blog posts each day

Many people are still very confused by the dates of my blog posts. For example, you'll see this very post I am writing at this very moment be dated at March 24, 2009, when today is actually February 7, 2011. I think the dates of my posts are less important than the contents of my blog posts, therefore, I'll stick with this imaginary existence of the parallel university, and use the past dates to remind myself of how many blog posts I have fallen behind of my ambitious goal of one blog post per day. The only way to make up and catch up is to post more than one post per day, therefore, I'll try my best to stick to this resolution. Two is the minimum. Maybe I'll even get lucky some day and post more than two for that day. Let's wait and see. :)

2. Translate one page each day

There are simply too many good Chinese books I'd like to share with non-Chinese readers but too little time. Translating a novel well is quite a challenging and time-consuming task. I feel very sorry for keeping my readers waiting for so long, so I'll take the advice from one of them and make it into a habit of translating a little bit every day. This will also be a very good exercise for self-discipline, which I am certainly lacking these days. Note that the one page here is for the English text. I am thinking about posting a translation blog post about every three days (so three pages worth of translation). Bug me to death if you see I am lagging, by email or by leaving comments, because your support is the best force to keep me going.

3. Complete the majority of my dissertation work
In just a little bit over two weeks (February 24, 2011 to be exact), I'll be taking my PhD Oral Exam and defend my Dissertation Proposal. After that, it's just a matter of implementing code, run experiments, collect data, and then write quite a few papers. Hopefully I'll be able to get the majority of my dissertation work done in the next 12 months and shoot for graduation for Winter 2012. The good news is that my advisor agrees with the time line; the bad news is that there are plenty of planned work ahead. Work, here I come!

4. Build a robot of my own
I've always felt that my PhD would be incomplete if I didn't build a robot myself (here "build" means mostly putting off-the-shelf parts together, but with my own design, not simply assembling a kit), since my research is about Artificial Intelligence and Robotics. I've already acquired some of the main parts to be used. Hopefully by the same time next year, I'll have a working robot that's capable of some low-level intelligence. I have high hopes for this robot. I envision a long-term companion/assistant/tutor as I keep improving it for the years to come, as that famous says goes, "build your own friend!"

That's it! I wish myself and all of you a very productive year ahead. But also don't forget to take a break once a while to enjoy those small beautiful things and moments you might normally overlook. Also don't forget to visit my blog once a while and send your encouragements this way!





Key to success: Set high goals. Even if you can only achieve half of what you set out to do, it might still be a great achievement! -- Lanny





 
Video of the Day:

Despite not being able to score a single goal in the South Africa World Cup, Lionel Messi was still elected the winner of FIFA Ballon d'Or 2010 because of his excellence performance throughout the year. What a great way to start a new year!! I am so happy for him! He totally deserves it! I hope I also have a great start of a new rabbit year!

Set Phasers on Stun -- Bad Designs Kill

Following my adviser's recommendation, I finally picked up the book Set Phasers on Stun by Steve Casey and read it with utter interest. The book is really light reading, but as I read on, my heart felt heavier and heavier.

The book contains 20 short, true stories of how design errors in various technologies led to terrible disasters, often resulting in the loss of many lives. Among them were the shut off handle on a command module capsule that caused the death of three Russian astronauts because it takes too long to turn, the control lever for autopilot vs. manual control caused a supertanker to hit a rock and leaking millions gallons of oil into the ocean because the captain slipped it into an unintended third control mode in panic, the Airbus A320 plane that crashed in an air show demo, killing many passengers, because the pilot was over-confident with the plane's autopilot, and a ferry ship that capsized because the captain didn't know the bow cargo doors were not closed when the ship set off. The key message the author tries to get across is that designers of technology MUST take into consideration human factors, especially possible human errors and capability limitations in tense and nervous situations. Learning from mistakes might be too costly because Bad Designs Kill.

The title of the book comes from the name of the first story in the collection. On March 23, 1986, Ray Cox, a patient in his 30s undergoing treatment to have a tumor removed from his back, was taking his ninth regular treatment with the Therac 25 machine. The Therac 25 is a highly sophisticated machine that's capable of using high-energy radiation to hit cancer cells to any point on or in a person's body with pinpoint accuracy. The machine can operate in two modes: the high-power "x-ray" mode and the lower-power "electron beam" mode. What Ray was to receive would be the lower-power "electron beam" mode. He would not feel a thing. When Mary Beth, the radiotherapy technician, started the procedure in the control room (a different room), she mistakenly typed "x", the command to use the "x-ray" mode. Noticing her mistake, she quickly moved the cursor back and used the "edit" function to change it to command "e", the command to use the "electron beam" mode. She had no idea that her quick sequence of keystrokes within 8 seconds was something the machine had never been run under before. The machine retracted the think metal plate used during "x-ray" mode but left the power setting on maximum. When Mary entered the command to initiate the treatment, Ray saw a blue flash and felt as if he was hit by a lighting bolt. Back in the control room, a message popped up on the monitor with the error message, "Malfunction 54, treatment not initiated." Feeling quite puzzled, Mary re-entered the command to initiate the treatment. Ray was rolling and screaming in pain when he was struck the second time, and he began to call out loud for help. Soon the third shock struck, and Ray jumped from the table and ran to the door. Nobody at the hospital knew what was going on, and only after the same incident happened again to another patient did they realize something was seriously wrong with the machine. Instead of receiving 200 rads of radiation, Ray was shot with 25000 rads. In the next few months, tissues hit by the beams died, leaving massive lesions in Ray's upper body. "Captain Kirk forgot to put the machine on stun," said Ray Cox, trying to keep his humor. Four months later, Ray Cox died.

At least three things went terribly wrong in this tragic incident:

1. The unexpected key sequence within the short time window should not have allowed the power setting to be left on maximum. The kind of operating mistake Mary made is typical human error and should have been expected and tested against.
2. The error message should have been clearer, at least warning the operator that something had been seriously wrong (whether it is serious or not) and that the beams have already been shot. This would have prevented Mary from firing the beams again and again.
3. A strict procedure should have been in place to make sure the patient undergoing treatment is been monitored real-time. This would also have spared Ray from the additional two shots (whether or not it might make a different of life and death in Ray's case).

Here's an article from People covering this story.

As a researcher in AI and robotics, it is likely that I'll be designing advanced and complex systems to be used in real applications. While enjoying the thrill and fun of designing cool toys, it is also very important to always keep in mind the responsibilities we hold. Especially in the case of people working with automation. We should always take into consideration the kind of errors human might make and design accordingly to handle such situations accordingly. As automation and robots emerge in many aspects of people's lives (I am talking about more direct interactions here, not the kind of secluded factory settings), we have to be utterly careful and make sure people don't get injured or killed.

UAV used in our field trial

I couldn't help but remember an incident happened during one of our UAV field trials. Our research group works on using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to support Wilderness Search and Rescue operations. Once we performed a field trial at Squaw Peak, Provo, Utah, a very mountainous area. The UAV is capable of maintaining a fixed height above ground, so to relieve some of the workload off the operator. The control software also overlays the area with a color map, warning the operator if the UAV is too close to the side of the mountain. When the UAV was flying along the side of the mountain, the operator noticed from the color warning that the UAV was too close to the side of the mountain, so he commanded the UAV to fly away from the mountain. Then the autonomy of maintaining fixed height above ground kicked in and the UAV quickly descended. The operator noticed that the UAV is still too close to the side of the mountain and kept "pushing" the UAV away from the mountain. Eventually the UAV lost control and crashed to the ground because it had been descending quickly continuously and failed to climb up fast enough when it ran into a small hill. Both capabilities were supposed to help the human better fly the UAV, but the combination in the specific situation actually directly led to human error and the plane crash (luckily the plane was not badly damaged).

Squaw Peak, Provo, Utah

So what should we do? There's obviously the need for extensive testing. The designer should also consider possible human errors and design accordingly to minimize the chances of human errors and deal with human errors when they do occur. Especially if the failure of the system might create catastrophic consequences, extensive safety checks must be built in. We'd rather for a machine to fail than for it to kill. Then, there's always the possibility of insurance polices as the last resort, as shown in today's Video of the Day.

Video of the Day:

For only $4 a month, you can achieve peace of mind in a world full of crime and robots, with Old Glory Insurance!

Vuvuzela -- The New Theme of the 2010 World Cup

Fans blowing their beloved Vuvuzelas at the opening game
of the 2010 World Cup between host nation South
Africa and Mexico. (Credit: Reuters/Kim Kyung-Hoon)

Have you noticed that loud buzzing sound, like a gigantic swarm of bees coming right at you from your TV (or computer) no matter which world cup game you try to watch? This new world-wide sensation has become the dominating theme for the currently on-going 2010 World Cup hosted by South Africa, and the culprit is a South African "traditional instrument" (but the cheap plastic version) called Vuvuzela.

The vuvuzela is a long plastic horn/trumpet type instrument. It came to international attention during the run-up to the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup, also hosted at South Africa as a testing run for the following year's World Cup tournament. As FIFA's official web site puts it:

The vuvuzela has become part of the official South African football fans arsenal. It is a plastic trumpet which makes a distinctive noise, comparable to an elephant blowing their trunk. A stadium can often erupt with noise from fans blowing on their vuvuzelas. The South African Football Association, in a community-building project, has helped manufacture the colored plastic trumpet.

A cacophany of sound greeted England fans flying
into Johannesburg Photograph: Hussein Malla/AP

At the price of only 60 South African Rand (approximately $8 USD), this plastic horn quickly gained the hearts of many South African football (the international football, not American football) fans whether rich or poor, and soon became a symbol representing the South African flavor for the sport of football. And as the many football fans from all over the world gathered at the South African nation, the fashion quickly caught on among everyone. When tens of thousands of fans blow their beloved plastic trumpets at the same time inside the same stadium, the effect can be quite dramatic and annoying to some.

Broadcasters have complained about the constant annoying buzzing noise created by the many vuvuzelas, complaining that they are ruining the viewers' World Cup experience, and asked for a ban of the plastic trumpet at the World Cup. Some viewers had opted to mute the games just to get rid of the constant noise. Some players also complained that the noise can affect players' ability to perform in the field. Spain striker David Villa, who played at the Confederation Cup had said:

"In many parts of the game it can bother you a bit because you can't communicate anything to a teammate who's more than 10 meters away from you."

The vuvuzela, a long plastic horn, is just about the most
popular item in South Africa right now. -- Photo: AFP

Dutch coach Bert van Marwijk actually banned spectators from blowing their vuvuzelas at his team's training sessions, and a London Doctor also warned that the vuvuzela can spread cold and flu germs. However, most viewers didn't mind the noise and actually liked it because it really brings out the enthusiasm at the stadium and make the experience more alive. And for those spectators at the stadium, this is one thing everyone must have. It also makes a great souvenir. England defender Jamie Carragher said that he had been asked to bring some back and his kids had been on the phone asking for two. FIFA president, Sepp Blatter, also defended South African fans' right to blow their vuvuzela horns at the World Cup:

"I have always said that Africa has a different rhythm, a different sound," the FIFA president Sepp Blatter said in a Twitter message on Monday. "I don't see banning the music traditions of fans in their own country."Blatter went on to ask: "Would you want to see a ban on the fan traditions in your country?"

So if you are quite annoyed by the buzzing sound from your TV (or computer), how can you improve the situation? Here are some suggestions:

• Create filters to filter out the noise as instructed here (in German) and here (in English).

• Use a noise-canceling headphone such as these ones. Turn it on, but don't plug it into anything.

• Watch your World Cup games on a desktop computer with very loud fans, so the loud noise of the fan covers the noise of the vuvuzelas and you get annoyed by the noisy fan instead --- this is my personal solution!

• Buy a vuvuzela from an online store (e.g.this one) for each of your family members (and maybe friends) and then blow them as loud as you wish toward your TV (or computer) without exceeding the annoyance threshold of your neighbor. You can even use your vuvuzelas for a lot of other things as this web site has suggested:

1. Cricket bat.
2. Hearing Aid.
3. Petrol funnel.
4. Water sprayer. (force trumpet side down into water)
5. Drinking funnel. Nuff said.
6. 4G mobile communication
7. Walking stick,
8. Light saber. (Just insert a torch) as seen on Starwars….
9. Jousting Stick (simply insert one into another.)
10. And of coarse… supporting any team/thing you like…..

Fanartikel Soccer Vuvuzela South Africa - original Vuvuzelas from South Africa - Shop

WELL, YOU ONLY HATE THEM, BECAUSE YOU DON'T HAVE ONE! :)

Do not watch three World Cup games back to back unless, of course, if you have a vuvuzela!

Mars-500 Project Third Stage Began

On June 3, 2010, the third stage of the Mars-500 Project kicked into gear at the Russian Academy of Sciences' Institute of Biomedical Problems in Moscow, Russia, where six volunteers from four different countries would spend their next 520-days inside a locked experiment facility simulating a long enduring trip to Mars.

The Mars-500 project is a ground-based experiment simulating manned flight to Mars. The main purpose of the experiment is to evaluate how the long isolation, especially the 20-minutes delayed communication with the outside world, affects the state of health and working capability of the crews.

The project has three stages. The first, 15-day stage took place in 2007 and was only designed to test out the facility. The second, 105-day stage happened in 2009 with 6 volunteers living in the isolated living complex. Currently in progress is the third stage, and another 6 volunteers will actually simulate a complete 520-day mission to Mars -- yes, that's how long the round-trip takes.

The 6 volunteers (professional astronauts, scientists, and engineers) will spend the entire duration of the experiment in a sealed facility with no windows and a '20-minute, one-way time-delay in communications to mirror the real lag in sending messages over the vast distance between Mars and Earth. It's almost like serving an 18-month jail term, but only worse, because they won't ever see the sun and have to live off canned food. They will also be under constant supervision and will be going through many scientific tests each day.

I have always been a big fan of space exploration. Call me Chicken Little if you wish, but with enough nuclear bombs that can blow up our planet over 300 times with only the push of a button, and with so many maniacs in this world, we've got to spread the seeds for human kind before the dooms day, before we wipe out ourselves completely from this universe. Therefore, great shout outs to these 6 volunteers who are willing to make the sacrifice for the benefit of the entire human race (think of all the World Cup games they are going to miss!!). I wish them a very productive "journey" and the greatest success! If I ever get locked up for 18 months, the entire book of Smiling Proud Wanderer would have been translated. LOL!

In order to successfully establish human outposts (or colonies) on another planet, it is essential to have intelligent worker robots working alongside human crews. Although we already have several robots roaming on top of the Martian surface, they are mainly for scientific exploration. What we really need are robots that can work as a team building/assembling equipments and living complexes. Some of them can be sent to Mars before the humans to get things started. Because of the long distance and long communication lag, they would have to be quite capable of autonomous operations, probably at some basic level tasks. Then more robots would go along with the human crews. These robots don't have to be fully autonomous, but will need to be able to interact with human well and take directions/supervisions from human operators efficiently/effectively. Robots have great advantages over human for these kind of space exploration because they don't need to eat, breathe, be entertained, and will never need a psychiatrist during such long space trips.

Picture of the Day:

The South African players dancing on the sideline in celebration of their goal against Mexico in the 2010 World Cup. It is so wonderful that the host nation gets to score the first goal of the tournament! Go Africans!

Random Thoughts: Have You Lost Your Soul?

If you've ever made purchases online, or signed up for any kind of account on the Internet (forums, subscriptions, etc.), or installed software applications on your computer, then you must have seen screens where you have to agree to some kind of terms and conditions, or EULA (standing for End User License Agreement). How many times, however, do you actually read through those pages after pages of dry, dull, impossible to understand legal languages, especially on a computer screen?

Well, if quickly clicking through things has grown into a habit for you, it's probably time to reconsider it now.

According to this article from Newslite and this article from geeks.com, GameStation, on UK online games retailer, added the "immortal soul clause" to its online purchase agreement basically saying the customers would grant them the right to claim their souls. More than 7,500 customers (88%) agreed to the clause without really reading the agreement details, and now GameStation legally owns thousands of souls. Here below are the exact wording of the sneaky clause:

By placing an order via this Web site on the first day of the fourth month of the year 2010 Anno Domini, you agree to grant Us a non transferable option to claim, for now and for ever more, your immortal soul. Should We wish to exercise this option, you agree to surrender your immortal soul, and any claim you may have on it, within 5 (five) working days of receiving written notification from gamesation.co.uk or one of its duly authorised minions. We reserve the right to serve such notice in 6 (six) foot high letters of fire, however we can accept no liability for any loss or damage caused by such an act.

If you a) do not believe you have an immortal soul, b) have already given it to another party, or c) do not wish to grant Us such a license, please click the link below to nullify this sub-clause and proceed with your transaction.

Luckily, 12% of the customers did notice a small tick box at the bottom of agreement allowing them to opt out of the clause, and earned themselves a £5 gift voucher by doing so. But really, how many of the 12% customers actually read the terms and services agreement? My guess would be very few.

Although this probably was part of an April Fool's Day joke (the vouchers were no joke), and GameStation has no intention to ever claim their rights on the souls (in fact, they emailed all customers nullifying the clause), this clearly shows the general public opinion on these agreements. Most people think that if most people don't read these things, they are no longer valid. However, the truth is that they will most likely be legally binding (not the soul clause, of course) unless challenged in a court of law. And do you ever want to get into a legal battle with large companies who employ an army of lawyers?

There are, actually, some people who take these agreements very "seriously!" Anne Loucks from obesso.com created a clever way to get herself out of legal troubles with EULAs. Using a piece of cardboard that reads "Kitty Agrees" with a protruding piece underneath, she would have her cat to step on the board, which pushes the spacebar underneath and agrees to an EULA for her. So worst comes to worst, it would be the cat losing its soul, and not Anne!

Putting aside the legality of these actions of both the businesses and users, clearly the system is not working very well. I know for regular business contracts or terms and agreements, critical elements are required by law to really stand out (bold, larger size, etc.). I am sure a better standard and approach will have to be created soon, because soon or later, somebody is getting sued over this.

Picture of the Day:

Brian Ghidinelli's creative reuse of his old equipments.

Random Thoughts: Adventure in Japan -- Part 3

This is the last installment of the series. To read the previous two installments, follow the links below:

Adventure in Japan -- Part 1
Adventure in Japan -- Part 2

Osaka, Japan is a the second largest city in Japan with over 20 million people and the commercial capital. It was also the base for Toyotomi Hideyoshia in his successful unification of Japan during the sixteenth century. Different functions and roles resulted in a city that mixes modern technology with historical heritages, making Osaka into a unique city where traditional culture thrived side-by-side along present day life style. Here you can find skyscrapers (e.g., Business Innovation Center Osaka, where HRI 2010 conference was held at) alongside sixteenth century castles (e.g., Osaka Castle right in the middle of the city), and highly sophisticated robots (e.g., D+ ropop robot, designed and made in Osaka) together with women wearing the traditional Japanese clothing, Kimono, waiting at the subway station.

Left: Business Innovation Center Osaka. Right: Osaka Castle in the middle of the city

Left: D+ ropop robot representing modern beauty and advanced technology. Right: Woman in traditional Kimono waiting at the subway station.

During our visit, we stayed at the City Plaza Osaka hotel (left below) right at the heart of downtown, where we can see the crowded city landscape right from the hotel window (right below). The building has a very modern look from the outside. However, the oval shaped top portion actually contained traditional Japanese spa, where people would bath together completely naked (they do separate men from women).

Left: City Plaze Osaka Hotel. Right: City landscape view from our hotel room.

Due to our busy schedule, we only had half a day to look around the city before we fly back to the US, so in the morning, I was forced to take on the Japanese subway system all by myself so I could complete the mission of getting wife some famous Japanese cosmetics. I had two hours to do it, and I pulled it off even though I almost got on a train going the opposite direction and had to run in pouring rain in random directions.

Left: People riding subway train on a Saturday morning. Right: Street view of downtown Osaka.

Left: Saturday shoppers at the shopping district. Middle: people enjoying traditional Japanese food (in the cylinder). Right: Female customers shopping for Kimono.

Left: Cosmetics store. Right: Sushi shop along the street.

Later in the morning, we visited the famous Osaka Castle. Since the castle is located right in the middle of the city, we simply walked over. It was raining at the time, but that didn't stop us from a nice spring field trip. The ancient looking castle with a moat surrounding it was right next to the very modern looking Osaka City Museum, making a very sharp visual contrast.

Left: Osaka City Museum right across the street from, Right: Moat of the Osaka Castle

Students making spring field trips on Saturday. Left: Elementary school kids heading to unknown location at the subway station. Right: Middle school students visiting the Osaka Castle

The Osaka Castle park covers approximately 15 acres of ground. Due to limited time (and we really didn't want to miss our plane), we walked straight to the main building in the castle and then walked straight back to the hotel. I wish we could have spared a bit more time because there were already beautiful cherry blossoms in other parts of the park.

Looking at city landscape from the top of the Osaka Castle (can you see the cherry blossoms?)

The main castle has turned into a museum showing many historical artifacts and documents dating back to the sixteenth century. Most levels of the building prohibited photographing, so I don't really have a lot to show you here except the two below.

Left: Miniature figures depicting an ancient battle. Right: Battle helmets wore by ancient war lords.

It was quite fortunate that such a famous historical site is within walking distance from our hotel, so we were actually able to see traditional and historical sites during the trip. I hope one day I can bring my family to visit the beautiful city again, so wife can go shop for cosmetics while I do real sightseeing. :)

See more pictures of my trip to Japan.

Video of the Day:

The beautiful Osaka Castle

Random Thoughts: Adventure in Japan -- Part 2

Adventure in Japan - Part 1

It has been a while since I returned from Osaka, Japan, but I thought I'd share a bit more of my experience in Japan for people who would like to visit Japan one day. Let me start off with some traveling tips.

• For a lot of people (61 countries and regions to be exact) including US citizens, visiting Japan for non-paid activities for 90 days or less does not require a visa. Just buy a plane ticket and go. It's that easy!
  
  
• There are several ways to get Japanese Yen. You can get it from your local bank before the trip. However, be aware that you have to pre-order, and it might take them up to 5 business days to get the money ready for you. They also charge a service fee ($10 for US Bank) for the exchange (from US Dollar to Yen or later from Yen to US Dollar after you return). This option works well if you exchange large quantities of money. A more convenient way to get Japanese Yen for a short term visitor is to get the Japanese money from ATMs at the Japanese airport. You will be charged about 3% for the exchange plus the ATM fee (probably $2). This option is better for small amount of exchange.
  
  
• Before visiting Japan, I was told that most places in Japan would take credit cards such as American Express of Visa. After visiting Japan, I learned the hard way that this is not true. Japanese businesses mostly don't take credit cards. Even McDonald's in downtown Osaka refused to take any credit cards.
  
  
• Power outlets in Japan are different from North America. North America has polarized outlets (one big one small). Japan has non-polarized outlets (both small). Also they don't have three holes, only two. If you have polarized plugs, then you need an adapter. The hotel might loan you one for free.
  
  
• Standard voltage in Japan is 100V. Make sure your devices can operate at 100V. If not, you need a transformer.
  

For the rest of the blog post, I'll focus on one single topic: Japanese Food.

The conference provided free lunch everyday in the form of a very traditional style of Japanese food: Bento Box. According to Wikipedia:

Bento (弁当) is a single-portion takeout or home-packed meal common in Japanese cuisine. A traditional bento consists of rice, fish or meat, and one or more pickled or cooked vegetables, usually in a box-shaped container.

The three pictures below show the three kinds of bento box lunches I was fortunate to try out. Each bento box contained a great variety of things, including rice, sea food, and lots of pickled things. Everything in a bento box is served cold, removing the need to heat up things using a microwave. I must confess that although the bento boxes looked very colorful and pretty, cold rice and too much pickled meat/vegetables just didn't quite agree with me. And I must mention that all the beautiful wooden boxes were properly recycled to save trees!

Because of the generosity of the HRI 2010 conference organizers (they covered most of the meals) and my very busy schedule, I only had the chance to visit one traditional Japanese restaurant during the trip. The picture below on the left shows the front of the small restaurant in downtown Osaka named Money House. The picture on the right shows the hall way inside, just wide enough for one person, a typical setup for traditional Japanese restaurants.

Since Japan is entirely made up of islands, it was not surprising to see lots of sea food dishes on the menu. Since a friend in our dinner group was an American who had lived in Japan for 8 years, he took charge of all the ordering, and we got to experience some interesting food. For example, deep fried squids (left), octopus balls (middle), and of course, raw fish (right). The first two actually tasted great despite the weirdness, however, I shied away from the raw fish, because I don't ever eat raw meat (e.g., a rare steak).

Some other dishes are very similar to Chinese dishes, such as dumplings, stir fried clams, and boiled green soy beans.

There were dishes that tasted very American too, such as the big Chicken Nugget shown below. Alcohol is also a big part of a Japanese culture (see all those bottles in the middle picture), and I wonder how many people in Japan drink and drive. The dinner was great! There is only one thing I'd like to complain though: why were all the dishes served in such small plates? See the stack of small plates in the last picture? We are a bunch of hungry grad students and I am not kidding when I say we can eat a lot!

For a group of 13 people, the dinner cost per person was 3000 yen (roughly about $35 USD), quite expensive in American standards, but it was well worth it. How often does one get the chance to eat a real authentic Japanese dinner? And by the way, they did not take credit cards. :)




The easiest way to put a baby to sleep is to give him classical music!